When the ciliary muscles contract, they loosen the ciliary fibers which are attached to the envelope of the crystalline lens. Because the lens is pliable, it relaxes into a more curves shape, increasing it's refractive power to accommodate for closer viewing. The iris serves as the aperture stop for the eye, closing to about 2mm in diameter in bright light and opening to a maximum of about 8mm in dim light.
Thin Film Interference A film of thickness from 0.5 to 10 m is a transparent medium of glass, mica, air enclosed between glass, soap film, etc. When the light is made incident on this thin film partial reflection and partial refraction occur from the top surface of the film. The refracted beam travels in the medium and again suffers partial reflection and partial refraction at the bottom surface of the film. In this way several reflected and refracted rays are produces by a single incident ray. As they moves are superimposed on each other and produces interference pattern. Interference in Parallel Film ( Reflected Rays) Consider a thin film of uniform thickness ‘t’ and refractive index bounded between air. Let us consider monochromatic ray AB is made incident on the film, at B part of ray is reflected (R 1 ) and a part is refracted along BC.At C The beam BC again suffer partial reflection and partial refraction, the reflected beam CD moves again suffer partial